Database Server
Database Server
This documentation can be used as a reference to create your Primary Database Server and optional Replica Database Server on Red Hat Enterprise or CentOS 7 virtual machines.
The hostnames that will be referenced throughout this document will be db01.med.university.edu
and db02.med.university.edu
. These hostnames should be replaced by your actual DNS hostnames.
Primary Database Server
SSH into server and
sudo
to root:ssh service@db01.med.university.edu sudo -s
Add the following lines to
/etc/hosts
file:127.0.0.1 db01.med.university.edu
Edit the hostname of the virtual machine in the
/etc/hostname
file:db01.med.university.edu
Install
screen
, update RHEL, and reboot:yum install screen screen yum update reboot
SSH back into server, and install the Inline with Upstream Stable (IUS Community) package.
ssh service@db01.med.university.edu sudo -s screen yum -y install https://repo.ius.io/ius-release-el7.rpm \ https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
Install MariaDB Client, Server, and NTP:
yum install mariadb104 mariadb104-server ntp
Create a new file within the
/etc/my.cnf.d/
directory calledelentra.cnf
, and place the below configuration settings within the file. Do not forget to enter a unique 7-8 digit number (i.e. 1012801) in theserver-id
variable.[mysqld] # Innodb innodb_buffer_pool_size = 6G # main memory buffer of Innodb, very imporant innodb_log_file_size = 256M # transactional journal size innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT # avoid double buffering with the OS innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 # writes to OS, fsynced once per second innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = on innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = on innodb_ft_min_token_size = 3 # Basic Settings thread_cache_size = 8 table_open_cache = 4000 table_definition_cache = 1800 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_type = 1 max_allowed_packet = 8388608 sql_mode = "NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION" # MariaDB performance tuning options for more connections. (OPTIONAL) #max_connections = 512 # Replication (OPTIONAL) #server_id = 1012801 # the ip address of the server is a good idea. #log_bin = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin #expire_logs_days = 14 #sync_binlog = 4 # 1: with every transaction 4 or 5: every 4th or 5th transaction. # Slow Query Logging / Tuning slow_query_log = on slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysqld-slow-queries.log log_slow_verbosity = 'innodb,query_plan' long_query_time = 7 performance_schema = on
The default
open_files_limit
for MariaDB is too low for the Elentra Platform due to the size of our databases. In order to increase this limit, create a new/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d
directory and place the below configuration settings within a new file calledlimit_nofile.conf
:mkdir -p /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/limit_nofile.conf
Configuration settings within
limit_nofile.conf
:[Service] LimitNOFILE=4096
Start MariaDB, and set to start on system startup:
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable mariadb systemctl start mariadb
Run the
mysql_secure_installation
script included with MariaDB to further lock down your database server./usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
Here is an example of a
mysql_secure_installation
hardening:[root@db01]# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] Y New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y ... Success! By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB!
Connect to MariaDB as the root user:
mysql -uroot -p
Create the required
elentra_auth
,elentra_me
, andelentra_me_clerkship
databases as well as anelentra
user that can connect to these databases. DO NOT FORGET that you need to enter a password on the CREATE USER line.CREATE DATABASE `elentra_auth` CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; CREATE DATABASE `elentra_admissions` CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; CREATE DATABASE `elentra_cpd` CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; CREATE DATABASE `elentra_me` CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; CREATE DATABASE `elentra_me_clerkship` CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; CREATE DATABASE `elentra_cbe` CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; -- DO NOT FORGET to change the password in the following line. CREATE USER 'elentra'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password-needs-to-go-here'; GRANT ALL ON elentra_auth.* TO 'elentra'@'localhost'; GRANT ALL ON elentra_admissions.* TO 'elentra'@'localhost'; GRANT ALL ON elentra_cpd.* TO 'elentra'@'localhost'; GRANT ALL ON elentra_me.* TO 'elentra'@'localhost'; GRANT ALL ON elentra_me_clerkship.* TO 'elentra'@'localhost'; GRANT ALL ON elentra_cbe.* TO 'elentra'@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
If you plan to set up the Replica Database Server, then you should create a
repl
database user that can connect from thedb02
server. Do not forget that you need to enter a password on the GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE line.GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'db02.med.university.edu' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password-needs-to-go-here';
Make note of the master log file (i.e.
mysql-bin.000002
) as you will need it when configuring the replica.SHOW MASTER STATUS \G
Replica Database Server
SSH into server and
sudo
to root:ssh service@db02.med.university.edu sudo -s
Add the following lines to
/etc/hosts
file:127.0.0.1 db02.med.university.edu
Edit the hostname of the virtual machine in the
/etc/hostname
file:db02.med.university.edu
Install
screen
, update RHEL, and reboot:yum install screen screen yum update reboot
SSH back into the server, and install the Inline with Upstream Stable (IUS Community) package.
ssh service@db02.med.university.edu sudo -s screen yum -y install https://repo.ius.io/ius-release-el7.rpm \ https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
Install MariaDB Client and Server:
yum install mariadb104 mariadb104-server ntp
Create a new file within the
/etc/my.cnf.d/
directory calledelentra.cnf
, and place the below configuration settings within the file. Do not forget to enter a unique 7-8 digit number (i.e. 1012802) in theserver-id
variable.[mysqld] # Innodb innodb_buffer_pool_size = 6G # main memory buffer of Innodb, very imporant innodb_log_file_size = 256M # transactional journal size innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT # avoid double buffering with the OS innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 # writes to OS, fsynced once per second innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = on innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = on innodb_ft_min_token_size = 3 # Basic Settings thread_cache_size = 8 table_open_cache = 4000 table_definition_cache = 1800 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_type = 1 max_allowed_packet = 8388608 sql_mode = "NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION" # MariaDB performance tuning options for more connections. (OPTIONAL) #max_connections = 512 # Replication (OPTIONAL) #server_id = 1012802 # the ip address of the server is a good idea. #log_bin = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin #expire_logs_days = 14 #sync_binlog = 4 # 1: with every transaction 4 or 5: every 4th or 5th transaction. # Slow Query Logging / Tuning slow_query_log = on slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysqld-slow-queries.log log_slow_verbosity = 'innodb,query_plan' long_query_time = 7 performance_schema = on
The default
open_files_limit
for MariaDB is too low for the Elentra Platform due to the size of our databases. In order to increase this limit, create a new/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d
directory and place the below configuration settings within a new file calledlimit_nofile.conf
:mkdir -p /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/limit_nofile.conf
Configuration settings within
limit_nofile.conf
:[Service] LimitNOFILE=4096
Start MariaDB, and set to start on system startup:
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable mariadb systemctl start mariadb
Run the
mysql_secure_installation
script included with MariaDB to further lock down your database server./usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
Here is an example of a
mysql_secure_installation
hardening:[root@db02]# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] Y New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y ... Success! By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB!
Connect to MariaDB as the root user:
mysql -uroot -p
Tell the replica server to replicate from your
db01
master, then start the slave. Do not forget that you need to enter the password on theCHANGE MASTER
line.CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='db01.med.university.edu', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='your-password-needs-to-go-here', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002'; START SLAVE;
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